The Columbia University Internet Kermit Service Daemon

CONTENTS

• WHY IKSD?
• CLIENT/SERVER MODE
• INTERACTIVE MODE
• SWITCHING MODES
• DIALUP ACCESS
• TIGHT COUPLING

The Internet Kermit Service Daemon (IKSD) is C-Kermit 7.0 running as an Internet service, similar to an FTP or Telnet server. It executes Telnet protocol just like a Telnet server and it transfers files like an FTP server. But unlike an FTP server, IKSD uses the Kermit file transfer protocol.

An IKSD may be accessed on TCP port 1649 using any Telnet client that allows a port specification and also includes Kermit protocol (and, as noted below, it may also be accessed by traditional serial communication programs too). Kermit Project clients are recommended for best results, but third-party commercial, shareware, or freeware clients may also be used.

To access the IKSD at the Kermit Project, instruct your Telnet client to make a connection to:

  kermit.columbia.edu kermit

or if that doesn't work:

  kermit.columbia.edu 1649

The syntax for specifying the TCP port number varies from client to client. (For starters, try clicking on the link above...)

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Why an Internet Kermit Service Daemon when there are already FTP servers?

• Like FTP, Kermit provides a service that can be accessed from many different platforms with a consistent set of commands, but unlike FTP, these commands include programming constructions such as variables, arrays, looping and decision mechanisms, and local and remote procedure calls, thus allowing file transfer and management operations of arbitrary complexity to be easily automated.

• Like FTP, Kermit provides both text- and binary-mode data transfer, as well as file management capabilities. But Kermit also offers numerous features lacking from FTP:
  1. Kermit translates character sets. This includes the new sets that include the Euro symbol (required in all of Western Europe). So unlike with FTP, you can send your Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Hebrew, Greek, Russian, or Japanese text from a PC to UNIX (etc) without turning it to gibberish (other languages too, of course).

  2. Filename collision options (what to do when a file arrives that has the same name as an existing file) like backup, rename, reject, overwrite, update (reject if not newer). No transferring files needlessly when you already have them; no destroying important files by accident when the host sends a file that happens to have the same name.

  3. Kermit offers flexible file selection mechanisms (like "please send me the files whose names match this pattern, that were created between these two dates, that are larger than such-and-such a size but smaller than some other size, except don't send any files from this exception list, and don't bother sending any files that are older versions of the ones I have already").

  4. Preservation of timestamps and permissions. Timestamps are what allow the update feature to work. Permissions are important for security reasons, and also to allow executables to still be executable after transfer (so in UNIX, for example, you don't always have to remember to "chmod +x" a program or shell script after transfer before you can run it.)

  5. Automatic per-file text/binary mode switching. No more "set file type text", transfer all your text files, then "set file type binary" and transfer all your binary files.

  6. Directory-tree transfer. You can use Kermit to transfer a directory and all its files, and all its subdirectories and all their files, etc etc, not only between like platforms, but also from (say) a PC to UNIX or VMS, or VMS to UNIX, or any other combination, automatically switching between text and binary mode for each file, converting text-file formats and character sets from the source to destination platforms, yet still sending binary files without conversion. This has never been possible before.

• Unlike FTP, Kermit supports atomic file movement, in which the source file, the destination file, or both can be deleted (or renamed, or moved) when and only when it has been transferred successfully, as part of the transfer operation itself.

• Unlike most FTP implementations, Kermit supports recovery of interrupted binary-mode transfers from the point of failure. You can even use it to recover interrupted FTP transfers when FTP itself does not offer this option.

• Unlike standard FTP, Kermit can transfer data through firewalls, proxies, and network address translators on a single well-known port (unless the TCP port for the connection has been explicitly filtered).

• Unlike FTP, Kermit can transfer data across a combination of transports (e.g. dial-up to a terminal server and from there access IKSD on an Internet host).

• Unlike FTP, Kermit offers the ability to drive automated tasks from the server, even when the client does not support them. The server itself can be scripted.

• IKSD keeps an active-sessions database that can be monitored in realtime by the sysadmin to see who is logged in and what they are doing.

• Unlike traditional Kermit use over Telnet, anonymous access is possible, and the considerable overhead of the intervening Telnet server and pseudoterminal service is eliminated. Given a Telnet client with a good Kermit protocol implementation, file transfer performance is about the same as FTP.

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IKSD can be used interactively by typing commands at its prompt (just as you would use C-Kermit), or in client/server mode.

A client/server connection is possible (as far as we know) only with Kermit Project Telnet clients (since third-party Kermit implementations rarely implement features beyond the bare minimum, and therefore don't include client commands). Recommended clients include:

• Kermit 95 for Windows 95/98/NT and OS/2
• MS-DOS Kermit for DOS and Windows 3.1
• C-Kermit for UNIX, VMS, VOS, OS-9, etc.

To make a client/server connection, tell your Telnet client to:

  set host kermit.columbia.edu 1649     ; (C-Kermit or Kermit 95)
  set port tcp kermit.columbia.edu 1649 ; (MS-DOS Kermit)

Now log in to the server like this:

  remote login username password

Since you probably don't have a Columbia user ID, you would normally supply "anonymous" (spelled out all the way) or "ftp" (a synonym for "anonymous") as the username, and your email address as the password, for example:

  remote login anonymous ivan@abccorp.com
  remote login ftp olga@xyzcorp.com

Note that you can't send any commands other than REMOTE LOGIN, REMOTE LOGOUT, REMOTE HELP, REMOTE EXIT, and BYE to the IKSD before you have logged in. Also note that when your client is C-Kermit 7.0 and later, LOGIN and LOGOUT may be given without the REMOTE prefix:

  login anonymous ivan@abccorp.com
  login ftp olga@xyzcorp.com

Once logged in, you are situated at the root of the /pub/ftp tree. Use:

  remote directory

for a list of directories you can access, then use "remote cd" to change to the desired directory, for example:

  remote cd kermit

Whenever you change directories like this, you will receive an orientation message describing what is available in this area. If you would like to disable these messages, tell your client to:

  remote set cd-message off

(This command is new to C-Kermit 7.0 and K95 1.1.18).

To find out what commands the server will accept, type:

  remote help

Consult your MS-DOS Kermit, C-Kermit, or K95 manual for detailed descriptions. A brief summary follows; syntax may vary according to the Kermit client. Shortcut R-commands (like RCD, RDIR, etc) are available in C-Kermit 7.0 and K95 1.1.18:

[ REMOTE ] LOGIN [ username [ password ] ]

Log in to the server. If you don't include a username, you will be prompted on a separate line; ditto for the password (and in this case, the password will not echo). Note: RLOGIN is not a shortcut for REMOTE LOGIN; RLOGIN makes a connection to the host's "login" port, just like the UNIX "rlogin" command; however, the REMOTE keyword is optional.

[ REMOTE ] LOGOUT

Log out from the server. You can also use BYE or HANGUP, or (in newer Kermit versions) REMOTE EXIT (REXIT) or, simply, CLOSE.

GET filespec

Ask the server to send the specified file or files.

REMOTE DIRECTORY [ filespec ] (RDIR)

Ask the server to send a directory listing.

REMOTE CD directory (RCD)

Ask the server to change to the given directory.

REMOTE PWD directory (RPWD)

Ask the server to display its current directory.

REMOTE HELP (RHELP)

Ask the server to list commands you can send to it.

REMOTE SET parameter value (RSET)

Ask the server to change the given parameter to the given value. Type "remote set ?" for a list of possible values.

REMOTE TYPE filename (RTYPE)

Ask the server to display the given file on your screen.

FINISH

Exit client/server mode. Follow this command by CONNECT to access the IKSD prompt.

The following client commands are generally not accepted by the IKSD from anonymous users:

SEND filespec

(Since most users do not have write access to our file system.) Ditto for REMOTE DELETE, REMOTE MKDIR, REMOTE RMDIR, REMOTE COPY, REMOTE RENAME, etc.

REMOTE HOST command (RHOST)

Access to host commands is not allowed. Ditto for REMOTE WHO (RWHO).

MAIL address

Anonymous users may not send email. Ditto for REMOTE PRINT (RPRINT).

Example:

Suppose you want to pick up the latest C-Kermit Beta test source files from the Kermit Project archive on a daily basis, transferring only those that have changed since last time (error handing not shown).

  set host kermit.columbia.edu 1649  ; Make the connection
  remote login ftp olaf@wwwcorp.com  ; Log in
  remote cd kermit/test/text         ; Change to desired directory
  set file collision update          ; Use update mode
  fast                               ; Use fast file-transfer settings (1)
  mget makefile ck[cuw]*.[cwh]       ; Get all .txt files that changed (2)
  bye                                ; Log out and disconnect

Notes:

1. Fast file transfer settings are the default in C-Kermit 7.0 and Kermit 95.

2. Patterns incorporating character lists or ranges and string lists are new to C-Kermit 7.0 and K-95 1.1.18.

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The IKSD can be accessed directly by your Telnet client's CONNECT command or terminal emulator (no particular terminal emulation is expected, needed, or used). For direct access with a Kermit Project client, use a TELNET command rather than SET HOST (or add a CONNECT command after your SET HOST command). For other clients, follow the instructions for making a Telnet connection.

Now you should see Username and Password prompts. Respond to them just as you would if logging into UNIX or VMS, e.g.:

  Username: olga
  Password: secret  (The password does not echo)

Underlining indicates material that you type. Press the Enter or Return key at the end of the underlined text.

If you do not have a user ID on the server system, supply a username of "anonymous" or "ftp", and your email address as the password:

  Username: anonymous
  Password: olga@olgacorp.com

Once you have logged in successfully, you will see the IKSD interactive command prompt, something like:

  (/users/olga/) IKSD>

The current directory is shown in parentheses. For anonymous users, this is initially the root of the /pub/ftp tree (shown as "/"):

  (/) IKSD>

What you see is nothing more than C-Kermit 7.0 with its prompt set to say "IKSD" instead of "C-Kermit". You can use any commands here that are accepted by C-Kermit 7.0, as described in the manual, Using C-Kermit, as augmented by the C-Kermit 7.0 release notes, C-Kermit 7.0 update notes, except that:

• Access to the system is disallowed (e.g. by RUN, PUSH, REDIRECT, "!").
• Secondary connections may not be made (SET HOST, TELNET, SET LINE, DIAL, etc).
• Write access to the file system is disabled if you are logged in anonymously.

  set terminal autodownload on

  (/u/ivan/files/) IKSD> set file character-set hp-roman8
  (/u/ivan/files/) IKSD> set transfer character-set latin1
  (/u/ivan/files/) IKSD> set transfer mode automatic
  (/u/ivan/files/) IKSD> msend /larger-than:10000 /smaller-than:20001 -
   /after:24-Dec-1998_0:00:00 /before:1-Jan-1999_0:00:00 -
   /except:c123.txt /recover c*.txt x*.zip *.tar.gz 

  finish
  connect